Small Modular Reactors

The Role of Small Modular Reactors in the Energy Transition

Apart from Renewable Energy (RE), nuclear is also being explored as a clean energy option to help the nations in achieving their decarbonisation goals.

The IEA has projected the global nuclear-installed power capacity to rise from 413 GW in 2021 to 871 GW by 2050.

Innovation in nuclear reactor technologies, both in Large Reactors (LRs) and in the newer concept of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) will be important.

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

Small – physically a fraction of the size of a conventional nuclear power reactor.

Modular – making it possible for systems and components to be factory-assembled and transported as a unit to a location for installation.

Reactors – harnessing nuclear fission to generate heat for electricity production or direct application.

Capacity - Ranging from less than 30 MWe to 300+ MWe.

Classification - Land-based water-cooled SMRs, Marine based water cooled SMRs, High-temperature gas-cooled SMRs (HTGRs), Liquid metal-cooled fast neutron spectrum SMRs (LMFRs), etc

Status of Development (Globally)

At present, nearly 80 SMR designs are in the development and licensing stages, and a few of them are in the deployment and operational stages.

Manufactured off-site: This can significantly save construction time, unlike the conventional nuclear reactors that are built on-site

Low running costs (lesser fuel, fewer staff) and increased efficiency.

Better control/flexibility: Generating less electricity when demand is down and are particularly useful for remote locations – have variable power generation requirements

Safety features: Don’t need a power supply and can handle accidents without the assistance of a person or a computer.

SMRs and SDGs: SMRs can play a key role in the clean energy transition, while also helping countries achieve SDG 7 (universal access to energy).

Way Ahead

Standardisation of designs of components and modules, strategic partnerships, and harmonisation of regulatory and licensing processes will facilitate the adoption of SMRs at a large scale.

The existing safety assessment methodology should be updated.

Availability of low-cost finance, inclusion in green taxonomy and utilisation of innovative financing instruments such as green bonds, etc.

Availability of required skilled personnel across the value chain of engineering, design, testing, inspection, construction, etc.